Surfactant-enhanced mobilization of persistent organic pollutants: Potential for soil and sediment remediation and unintended consequences
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of the sources and reactions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and surfactants in soil and sediments, the surfactant-enhanced solubilisation of POPs, and the unintended consequences of surfactant-induced remediation of soil and sediments contaminated with POPs. POPs include chemical compounds that are recalcitrant to natural degradation through photolytic, chemical, and biological processes in the environment. POPs are potentially toxic compounds mainly used in pesticides, solvents, pharmaceuticals, or industrial applications and pose a significant and persistent risk to the ecosystem and human health. Surfactants can serve as detergents, wetting and foaming compounds, emulsifiers, or dispersants, and have been used extensively to promote the solubilization of POPs and their subsequent removal from environmental matrices, including solid wastes, soil, and sediments. However, improper use of surfactants for remediation of POPs may lead to unintended consequences that include toxicity of surfactants to soil microorganisms and plants, and leaching of POPs, thereby resulting in groundwater contamination.
- Publication:
-
Journal of Hazardous Materials
- Pub Date:
- February 2023
- DOI:
- Bibcode:
- 2023JHzM..44330189B
- Keywords:
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- AEs;
- Alcohol Ethoxylates;
- APEOs;
- Alkylphenol Ethoxylates;
- BDE;
- Bromodiphenyl Ether;
- BFRs;
- Brominated Flame Retardants;
- CBs;
- Hexachlorinated Polychlorinated Biphenyls;
- CMC;
- Critical Micelle Concentration;
- CMC<SUB loc="post">eff</SUB>;
- Effective Critical Micelle Concentration;
- CPs;
- Chlorinated Paraffins;
- CSC;
- Critical Synergistic Concentration;
- CTAB;
- Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide;
- DDT;
- Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane;
- DEHP;
- Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate;
- HCB;
- Hexachlorobenzene;
- HCH;
- Hexachlorocyclohexane;
- LAS;
- Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonates;
- MSR;
- Molar Solubilization Ratio;
- PAHs;
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons;
- PBDEs;
- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers;
- PCB-52;
- 2;
- 2';
- 5;
- 5' Tetrachlorinated Biphenyl;
- PCBs;
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls;
- PCDDs;
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxin;
- PCDFs;
- Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans;
- PeCBz;
- Pentachlorobenzene;
- PETN;
- Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate;
- POPs;
- Persistent Organic Pollutants;
- SDBS;
- Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate;
- SDS;
- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate;
- TCP;
- Trichlorophenol;
- TNT;
- Trinitrotoluene;
- TPH;
- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon;
- ZVI;
- Zero-Valent Iron;
- Surfactants;
- Persistent organic pollutants;
- Solubilization;
- Mobilization;
- Complexation;
- Bioremediation